PUSH (+) vs PULL (-)

Wind doesn't just push - it PULLS too! Understanding positive and negative pressure is the key to hurricane-safe design.

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Get accurate ASCE 7-22 positive and negative pressure calculations for your Broward County project.

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+

Positive Pressure

Wind pushes INWARD

+
42.5 psf
Windward Wall Pressure

Where It Happens:

  • Windward walls (facing the wind)
  • Roof surfaces with wind hitting underneath
  • Any surface wind strikes head-on
-

Negative Pressure

Wind PULLS outward (suction)

-
67.3 psf
Leeward/Roof Suction

Where It Happens:

  • Leeward walls (away from wind)
  • Side walls (parallel to wind)
  • Most roof surfaces
  • Corners and edges (highest suction!)

See Both Pressures on a Building

WIND +42 psf -28 psf -58 psf WINDWARD LEEWARD
Positive (Push Inward)
Negative (Pull Outward)

Why Suction is Often Worse Than Push

Here's the surprise: negative pressure (suction) often causes more damage than positive pressure! While the windward wall gets pushed at maybe +40 psf, roof corners can see -85 psf trying to rip the sheathing off.

That's why Florida's building codes focus so heavily on roof-to-wall connections and edge fasteners. The roof isn't blown OFF by wind pushing under it - it's sucked off by the vacuum on top!

The Pressure Sign Tells You What to Design For

Design Consideration Positive (+) Negative (-)
Force Direction Into building Out of building
Fastener Design Shear resistance Pullout resistance
Typical Location Windward wall Roof, leeward, sides
Broward County Max ~50 psf ~90 psf

Both Signs Apply to Every Surface!

Here's what many people miss: wind changes direction! During a hurricane, your "leeward" wall becomes the windward wall as the storm rotates. ASCE 7 requires checking BOTH positive AND negative pressures for every surface.

That window on the back wall? It needs to resist being pushed IN when wind hits it directly, AND resist being sucked OUT when wind creates a vacuum behind it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is positive wind pressure?

Positive wind pressure is the pushing force that occurs when wind hits a surface directly, like the windward wall of a building. It pushes inward on the wall. In ASCE 7, positive pressures have a '+' sign and represent compression forces that try to push the wall into the building.

What is negative wind pressure (suction)?

Negative wind pressure is the pulling or suction force that occurs on surfaces parallel to or away from the wind, like leeward walls, side walls, and roofs. Wind flowing over these surfaces creates a vacuum effect that pulls outward. Negative pressures have a '-' sign and represent forces trying to pull materials away from the building.

Why are negative pressures often larger than positive pressures?

Negative (suction) pressures are often larger because wind separation and vortex formation create intense localized suction. While windward walls might see +25 psf, roof corners can see -80 psf or more. This is why roof sheathing and edge fasteners are critical in Broward County's high-wind zone.

How do I know if a wind pressure is positive or negative?

In ASCE 7, positive pressure acts toward the surface (pushing in), while negative pressure acts away from the surface (pulling out). The pressure sign determines fastener design - positive requires shear resistance, negative requires pullout resistance. Tables show both values for each surface zone.

What wind pressures apply to Broward County buildings?

Broward County's 180+ mph design wind speeds create extreme pressures. Windward walls see +35 to +50 psf positive pressure. Leeward walls see -25 to -40 psf suction. Roof corners (Zone 3) can exceed -85 psf suction. Both positive AND negative pressures must be checked for each element.

Get Both Pressure Signs Calculated

Our wind load calculator provides both positive AND negative pressures for every zone on your Broward County building. Don't miss the critical suction loads!

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